2024-03-28T19:51:28Z
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1338
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
PREVALENCE RATE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN EGYPTIAN INFERTILE WOMEN
Magda
Abdu Alwadood
Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common curable bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, and its complications in infected women in terms of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility and ectopic pregnancy among others with this infection highlights the need of its diagnosis in women with a history of infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortion for their better management.the present study evaluates the relationship between either past or current C. trachomatis infection in asymptomatic Egyptian females with unexplained infertility. This may be needed to be highlighted to attract the attention of clinical investigators. In addition the study compares the effectiveness of the point of care (POC) chlamydia test with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a potential tool for rapid Chlamydia diagnosis and screening .In the present study we enrolled women attending the gynecology outpatient department (OPD) of Ain shams educational hospital in the period from January 2013 to September 2013.The case group comprised of seventy five married infertile women. control group of twenty patients who were attending the clinic for other gynecologic purposes The clinician team did a routine gynecological per speculum examination to record signs of infection and collected two cervical swabs and blood samples, The first swab was shaken on a vortex mixerThe contents of the tube were used for direct Geimsa staining and point of care testing. The second swab was shaken on a vortex mixer then it was removed after pressing against the tube wall. And the content was preserved at -70ºC until used for DNA extraction and PCR Chlamydia rapid test (CRT) wasperformed,The detection of IgG antibodies against C. trachomatis was performed by using a commercial ELISA kit . Seventy five infertile women and twenty control females were tested for current C,trachomatis infection by PCR, C.trachomatis POC test and geimsa staining. AS well as serum samples were collected to detect C.trachomatis specific IgG by ELISA. The Participants of the infertility cases were between 20-45 years old with a mean of (34.18± 5.3) The overall prevalence of anti C trachomatis antibodies (ACTA) IgG in infertile women was 27/75 (36%) in infertile women and 2/20 (10%) in control group ,the difference was statistically significant (PC.trachomatis by PCR was (22/75)29.3% in infertile women and 1/20 (5%) in control subjects versus (18/75) 24% by C.trachomatis POCT. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value and Negative predictive value of C.trachomatis POCT was compared to PCR for the diagnosis of C.trachomatis infection and it revealed 81.8%, 98.1%, 94.7% and 92.9% respectivelyconclusion, we find a strong relationship between past and current C.trachomatis infection and infertility in a sample of Egyptian infertile women. No difference was found in the prevalence of current or past C.trachomatis infection andfertile controls. The Chlamydia rapid test achieves relatively high diagnostic sensitivity and provides results within 30 minutes. It is suitable as primary diagnostic tool for Chlamydia infection and in settings where PCR tests was limited or absent thus it could be used as a screening tool.
2013
09
01
1
15
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7031_de06d5ff1600db334014e107d352eaf5.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
THE EFFECT OF BETACYCLODEXTRIN ON THE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF SPIRONOLACTONE USING PHYSICAL MIXING AND CO-EVAPORATION METHODS
Khaled
Saleh
Spironolactone is a steroidal drug acting as a specific aldosterone antagonist used as potassium sparing diuretic. It shows variable absorption and bioavailability due to its poor solubility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of betacyclodextrin (BCD) on the solubility and dissolution of spironolactone using physical mixing and co-evaporation methods. The physical mixtures of different w/w drug/carrier ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) were prepared by simple mixing. Also co-evaporate systems containing (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) w/w drug/carrier ratios were prepared. The physicochemical characterization of the systems using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction was carried out to detect the interaction between the drug and the carrier, moreover, quantitative solubility and in-vitro dissolution studies of spironolactone alone and in physical mixtures or co-evaporates were studied in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) of pH 1.2 and in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) of pH 7.5.
The reduction of drug peaks in X-ray diffraction pattern of the co-evaparate and the absence or reduction of drug peaks in DSC profile of the physical mixture and the co-evaporate suggest the transformation of crystalline spironolactone into an amorphous form due to the inclusion complexation with betacyclodextrin. The study showed an increase in the solubility values and an improvement in the dissolution pattern of the drug in case of the physical mixtures and the co-evaporates.
2013
09
01
16
27
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7093_25a9d617da6710cfa5d6b61822d45f71.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
EFFECTS OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF FRESH WATER PRAWN, M. ROSENBERGII, POST LARVA.
Khalid
El-Damhogy
In order to study the effects of some plant extracts on Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivated in fiber tanks, freshwater prawns were randomly divided into eight groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and seven treatment groups in two replicates fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, of peanuts, Arachis Hypogaea (A), 0.05% of sesames, Sesamum Indicum (B) and 0.05% of sun flower seeds, Helianthus Annuus (C) also using mixture from them under the same proportion as (AB), (AC), (BC) and (ABC) extracts for 12 weeks, respectively. experiment were conducted on fresh water prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) with an average initial body weight 0.09 ± 0.01a g was obtained from Fish Hatchery, Mariut fish farm Company, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Water quality parameters, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were monitored. The experiment lasted 84 days and biomass gain was evaluated every two weeks. Final biomass, survival rate and feed conversion rates were calculated at the end of the experiment. Results revealed that, The final weight obtained by the prawn fed diets contained (B), (AB) and (A) extracts is significantly at (P<0.05) higher than the fish fed the same diets with other extracts as (ABC), (AC), (C) and (BC); being 8.13 ± 0.24, 7.55 ± 0.21 and 7.31 ± 0.15 respectively in the formers and 6.76 ± 0.23, 5.43 ± 0.22, 4.75 ± 0.12 and 4.23 ± 0.07 respectively in the latter's against control as 3.62 ± 0.04. In general, the maximum value (8.13 ± 0.24) was recorded in the prawn fed with diet contained extract (B) and the minimum value (4.23 ± 0.07) occurred in the prawn fed with diet contained extract (BC). The highest protein intake was obtained by the diet with (B) and (A) extracts and the lowest in the diet of (BC) extract; the proportions being 9.48 ± 0.04a and 9.38 ± 0.18a in the former and 7.22 ± 0.08 in the latter. The highest feed conversion ratio was obtained by the diet with (BC) and (C) extracts and the lowest in the diet of (B) extract; the proportions being 3.90 ± 0.10ab and 3.66 ± 0.08b in the former and 2.62 ± 0.06 in the latter.
peanuts
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Growth performance
Final biomass
2013
09
01
28
51
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7094_c025d40527f20957cef41aed310cae21.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
EVALUATING RISK FACTORS FOR MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE POST LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.
Sarah
Osman
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been used for end stage liver disease (ESLD) since 1989. LDLT has basically resolved the problem of donor organ shortages. However, early complications postoperatively and long term life quality are issues that still need to be resolved. Bacterial infections remain by far the most frequently occurring infectious complication in liver transplant recipients. The main aim of the study is to point out the main risk factor for antimicrobial resistance post LDLT. In the current study, a total of 42 recipients, 7 females and 35 males who underwent LDLT at Ain Shams Center For Organ Transplantation “ASCOT”. All recipients were screened for the presence of risk factors that affect patients’ susceptibility to infection and hence to antimicrobial resistance either preoperative or intra operative or post operative. The observational study was done prospectively. Results obtained in the present study revealed the age of all recipients ranged from 42 to 63 years old. (mean value of 53.5 ± 6.4 years). Prolonged Operative time (P=0.016),multiple radiological interventions (P=0.040), and multiple antibiotic changes post operatively (P=0.38) were the independent risk factors for developing infection after liver transplantation in our center. The present study confirms that infection is a frequent and major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. Current findings suggested postoperative bacterial infections were associated with pre-, intra- and post-operative factors, so careful monitoring and management is very important to improve patients’ outcome.
2013
09
01
52
57
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7095_a1c35ee7a111063e93a6772013c5c2e9.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN SKIN WOUND HEALING AND ITS APPLICATION FOR FORENSIC WOUND AGE DETERMINATION
Fatma
Agha
Wound healing examination is one of the most important aspects of the forensic pathology to estimate wound age. Chronological histopathological alterations characterizing the different phases of wound healing can be applied to wound age determination. Recently immunohistochemical studies are used for cutaneous wound age determination. Therefore, the aim of this work wasto investigate the morphological changes as a result of ante-mortem (A/M) and post mortem (P/M) incisional skin wound and to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for wound age estimation. Thirty five adult male albino rats were divided into seven groups (five rats each). group1 (G1) five rats was used as a control to study the normal skin structure. Twenty five rats were wounded; one cm length and full thickness skin incision was made on the back of each animal. The animals were then divided into five equal groups. Skin biopsies were taken 6 hours (G2), 1 day (G3), 3 days (G4), 6 days (G5) and 10 days (G6) after incision. G7 represented P/M group. Skin biopsies were processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Morphometric and statistical analysis were done. Different degrees of wound healing signs (re-epithelization, granulation tissue formation, cellular infiltration and new collagen formation) could be detected with L/M examination of H&E and masson trichrome stained sections of A/M wounded groups. In P/M wound, no signs of wound healing could be detected. Immunohistochemical study of all groups revealed that iNOS expression markedly increased after 6 hours and peaked at 1day after incision. After 3days and 6days, it is still highly significant increased but less than 6hours after incision and peaked again after 10days to be nearly of its expression at 6hours after incision. iNOS was not expressed in P/M wound. VEGF expression gradually increased with increase post wounding time, it peaked at 10 days after incision but was not expressed in normal intact skin, 6 hours after incision and in P/M wound. There was highly significant correlation between optical density means of iNOS / VEGF and optical density means of VEGF/mean area % of collagen fibers. We can conclude that, time dependent expression of both iNOS, VEGF proteins and area % of collagen fibers suggested that they would be useful markers for the determination of cutaneous wound age assisted by histological changes during different stages of wound healing.
nitric oxide synthase
vascular endothelial growth factor
Cutaneous wound age estimation
Immunohistochemistry
Forensic histology
2013
09
01
58
83
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7096_05d4408c1e3d13de4ceac4619f345359.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
APPLICATION OF 23 FULL-FACTORIAL DESIGN FOR DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE, BIODEGRADABLE SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING CURCUMIN
Hamdy
Dawaba
Curcumin (C), a natural anticancer agent suffers extremely low aqueous solubility and rapid systemic elimination, therefore, the aim from the present study was to develop and optimize biocompatible, biodegradable solid lipid nanoparticles containing curcumin (CSLNs) using Solvent Injection Method. The components selected to develop the SLNs were Glycerol MonoStearate (GMS; the lipidic carrier), Poloxamer 407 (P407; Surfactant) and Ethanol (solvent for the drug and the lipidic carrier). The combination and ratios for the optimization process were carried out using 23 full-factorial designs. The experimental design runs (8 formulations H1–H8) were prepared and the design dependent responses (assessment of particle size, Entrapment Efficiency % and the in vitro release study) were characterized. The developed formulae showed a nanometric particle size range (203.0–345.0nm), high Entrapment Efficiency % (62.77–87.42 %) and prolonged release over 24 hr periods (55.97–89.64 %). These results were analyzed using JMP® 10 software and its analytical tools were used to draw Pareto charts and the interactions plots. On the basis of the software analysis, formulation H9 with a desirability factor of 0.582 was selected as the optimized formulation and was evaluated for the dependent responses. Formulation H9 showed a particle size of 249.1 nm, 74.51 % Entrapment efficiency, 85.72 % in vitro release over 24 hr and these results suggested that the solid lipid nanoparticles formulations could be a promising method to sustain the release of curcumin.
2013
09
01
84
101
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7097_5deb27ad6c8f123f761cb8b7e13c9db2.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
EFFECT OF MUCOADHESIVE POLYMERS ON THE EFFICACY OF ORAL CIPROFLOXACIN HCl TABLETS
Ghada
Yassin
Drugs that have a narrow absorption window in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) will have poor absorption. For these drugs, extending the residence time of a dosage form at a particular site and controlling the release of drug from the dosage form are useful especially for achieving controlled plasma level of the drug as well as improving bioavailability. The objective of this study was to extend the gastric residence time after oral administration and control the release of ciprofloxacin using mucoadhesive tablets. Direct compression method was employed using mucoadhesive polymers namely Carbopol 934, HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and Tragacanth to prepare several formulations. Moreover, these formulations were subjected to different evaluation studies including content uniformity, surface pH, hardness, friability, tablet dimension, swelling index, mucoadhesive force measurement and in vitro drug release. The release mechanism of Ciprofloxacin HCl from the matrix tablets indicated super case-II transport mechanism and followed the Higuchi kinetic model. The studies performed on stability showed that there was no change.
Mucoadhesive tablets
Ciprofloxacin HCl
mucoadhesive polymers
2013
09
01
102
113
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7098_8bc4b2935a6399051b036e7d3af07891.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
SYNTHESIS OF NEW [1,5]-BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES CATALYZED BY VARIOUS ALIPHATIC ACIDS
Kamal
El-Gaml
A series of some new[1,5]benzodiazepines has been synthesized using condensation reaction of o-phenelendiamine with different newly synthesized quinolinyl ketones and effect of different aliphatic acids used as a catalyst was studied. Among the catalytic screened aliphatic acid, chloroacetic acid are a versatile catalyst that modify the yield (60-95%) in short reaction time.
1
5 – benzodiazepine
o-phenelendiamine
quinolinyl ketones
aliphatic acids
2013
09
01
114
119
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7099_e6e69486a4f0b5e8b5c33eaab5e2e279.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW DERIVATIVES OF ISOINDOLINE-1,3-DIONE NUCLEUS FOR ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EVALUATION
Ibrahim
Eissa
In order to produce potent new leads for antidiabetic drugs, a new series of isoindoline-1,3-dione analogues bearing aryl sulfonylurea moieties were synthesized and screened for their antihyperglycemic activity. Some of newly synthesized compounds were identified as active antihyperglycemic agents. Compounds N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-4-[2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) ethyl]benzenesulfon-amide(VIIo),N-(cyclopentylcabamoyl)-4-[2-(1,3-dioxoiso- indolin-2-yl)ethyl] benzene sulfonamide (VIIp), N-(butylcabamoyl)-4-[2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide(VIIq),N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl) -4- [ ( 1, 3- dioxo - isoindolin- 2 – yl ) methyl ] benzenesulfonamide (VIIh) and N-(propylcabamoyl)-4-[2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide (VIIr) proved to be the most active members of this study, as compered to to the reference gliclazide. They showed serum glucose reduction values of 52%, 48% 45%, 44% and 44%, respectively. The detailed synthesis and biological screening data are reported.
Isoindoline-1,3-diones
Sulfonylurea
Antihyperglycemic activity
2013
09
01
120
129
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7100_9aa5bf0e274b7f0f1c104729f1a88dbe.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
PYRIDINIUM, PIPERIDINIUM AND MORPHOLINIUM CATIONIC SURFACTANTS(1): SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, HEMOLYSIS AND ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFICIENCY
Nihal
Shaker
A Series of pyridinium, piperidinium and morpholinium derived cationic surfactants differing in the length of side alkylating chain from C10 to C18 is described. The compounds were characterized by IR and H1NMR spectra and an HPLC method used for distintion of all prepared long-chain pyridinium, piperidinium and morpholinium analogues has been successfully developed. The surface properties of these surfactants including critical micelle concentration (CMC), efficiency (Pc20), effectiveness (cmc), maximium surface excess (rmax) minimum surface area (Amin) and free energy of micellization (ΔG°mic) were investigated. The results of studies on hemolytic and antioxidative activities of the prepared compounds differing in alkyl chain length are presented. The hemolytic studies permitted to determine the safe concentration at which the compounds studied did not damage RBC membranes and they may also be used as effective antioxidants.
cationic surfactants
pyridinium
piperidinium
morpholinium
Surface properties
HPLC
hemolysis activity
antioxidative activity
2013
09
01
130
143
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7101_77405672d0f328bce8c10ca29b4ec664.pdf
Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
1110-1644
1110-1644
2013
48
2
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM PROTEIN CARBONYL CONTENT, TOTAL THIOL AND GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN IN EGYPTIAN TYPE-2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Ghaleb
Oriquat
Hyperglycemia is one of the most important factors that are responsible for oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes. Proteins are likely to be major targets of ROS, as a result of their abundance in cells, plasma, and most tissues, and their rapid rates of reaction both with many radicals and with other oxidants. Proteins that are damaged by oxidative stress have decreased biological activity leading to loss of energy metabolism, cell signaling, transport, and, ultimately, to cell death. Protein carbonyl content is the most general and well-used biomarker of severe oxidative protein damage.
Aims:
To investigate the relationship between serum protein carbonyl content, total thiol and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under poor glycemic control.
Methods:
Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the department of Internal medicine, Sohag University Hospital, Egypt and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum protein carbonyl content, total thiol and HbA1c were measured.
Results:
The study revealed that serum protein carbonyl content in diabetic patients was significantly higher than the controls (19.9 ± 5.3 vs. 2.43 ± 1.5 nmol/L, P < 0.001), while total thiol was significantly lower in the patients than the controls (193 ± 50.6 vs. 298 ±78.5 μmol/ml, P < 0.001). Protein carbonyl content was negatively correlated to total thiol, positively correlated to HbA1c and total thiol was negatively correlated with HbA1c.
Conclusions:
Hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in the protein oxidation in terms of an increase in protein carbonyl content and a decrease in total thiol group. Therefore, poorly controlled diabetic patients may be subjected to numerous pathological conditions related to the increased protein oxidation.
2013
09
01
144
153
https://ajps.journals.ekb.eg/article_7102_66df5d903a40ebe84f3662fab332c493.pdf