GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM IN PROKARYOTE

Document Type : Review Article

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Microbial Biotechnology Dept., GEBRl. USC

Abstract

This study evaluates the genotoxic effects of cadmium (Cd) at a toxic concentration of 300 ppm/L on prokaryotic organisms (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and the eukaryotic plant Vicia faba. Using DNA profiling, protein pattern analysis, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity assays, the study highlights significant Cd-induced genomic and proteinic change. Treated by Cd resulted in novel genomic DNA bands in E. coli (1 band), B. subtilis (2 bands), and V. faba (2 bands), indicating DNA mutation. Protein profiling resulted in the disappearance of native bands one band in E. coli, one band in B. subtilis and one band in V. faba.G40 and the appearance of novel bands in V. faba.G40 compared to control. V. faba showed the greatest effect. Induced SOD activity, showed additional bands, confirmed by the organisms’ stress response mechanisms. Overall, V. faba showed higher sensitivity to Cd-induced genotoxicity compared to E. coli and B. subtilis. These results provide understanding the molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity, with indications for environmental observing and biotechnological applications.

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